Political philosophy Essay

John Locke John locke was an English philosopher who was born in 1632 in Wrington, Somerset in England. His father was a country lawyer and milittary man who served as a captain during the English civil war. He went to Westminster school in 1647 and in 1652 to Christ Church in Oxford. Locke immersed himself in logic, metaphysics and classic languages. He graduated with a bachelor’s of medicine in 1674. He became the part of English loyal society in 1668. Locke met Anthony Ashley who was a parlimentarian in 1666 in Shaftesburry and became friend with him. He later on was appointed as a physician in Shaftesbury household in 1667. In that year he supervised a dangerous liver operation on shaftesburry and the operation was successful. When the Shaftesbury’s compaign to prevent the Catholic duke of York from Royal succession was failed, the Earl was forced to leave England to Holland in 1682. Locke went to Holland a year after his patron and returned to England in 1688 after the Glorious Revolution had placed the Protestant William III on the throne. John locke expressed his views that it is the obligation of the government to serve the people by protecting life, liberty and property. He was in favour of a representative government and rule of law. He said that if the government is unable to protect individuals then the people should revolt. In 1690 he wrote a an Essay Concerning Human Understanding. An Essay of Human Understanding is divided in four books. In these books he expresses that human mind is complete at birth † tabula rasa theory† ,but the mind can grow and acquire much more knowledge through experiences as we grow up. John Locke published Two Treatises of Government in 1689. Who wrote about the birth of the civil government in these treatises. He thought that the people can act evil and wicked, but they can also self-regulate themselves and be good. He thought that the government should have three branches: Legislative, Executive and Federative. John Locke was the against the King, he thought that the people should have the right to choose their leaders by voting. The people should revolt if the government fails to protect their properties, liberty and their lives. He stated that the right to property should be given to those people who put hard work and labor into it. In 1689, John Locke published A Letter Concerning Toleration. These letters are about the freedom of religion. He said that as human beings we have to right to follow whatever religion we want and the church does not have right to persecute people and convert them to christianity by force. John Locke means that if different religions are prevented of being practiced in a society then it will create a conflicts in the society.

How does the charity letter use language to create an impact on its audience?

The Scope charity letter is an emotional, personal and heart felt letter intended to inform people about Cerebral Palsy and to persuade them donate to their worthy cause. The intended audience was the recipient of this letter, who may possibly be a parent perhaps whose child unfortunately has this terrible condition. The writer of this letter has used a range of grammatical techniques to create an impact on the reader. One of the main , striking features of this text, is the Anecdote that runs throughout the letter. The short story about Abigail is told by her father which makes it very personal and informal, ‘ I'm Abigail's dada, Ric. The fact that he introduces himself and gives his name adds more personality into the letter and is inviting the reader to read on. The effect this has upon the audience is that the reality of the letter is portrayed clearly and it makes the reader realise it isn't just a problem for somebody else, it could happen to anyone. ‘Like any parents. ‘ Something else used, that makes the letter a lot more personal, is the use of personal pronouns. The use of the first person, personal pronouns ‘my' and ‘I', in the first paragraph, not only make the letter more real to the reader but also gives a sense of pride that Abigail's father is feeling. I see that my Abigail has come on in leaps and bounds at school this year. ‘ The possessive determiner ‘my' strongly emphasises that Ric is very proud of his daughter. Furthermore, the second person, personal pronouns toward the end of the text are also very effective, the use of the pronoun ‘you' includes the reader into Abigail's incredible story. This particularly impacts on the reader as they feel like they have been with Abigail on her difficult journey through learning and coping with Cerebral Palsy. This making them feel they want to help more people like Abigail, as Scope have clearly made a huge difference. This is a rhetorical device- emotive language. It brings the emotions of the writer, and some readers, to the text and audience. Additionally, ‘As soon as we walked through the doors, we knew it was right for our daughter' is somewhat of a hyperbole-another rhetorical device. It can be seen as a hyperbole as Abigail's parents could not have known the school was right for their daughter until they had learned more about it. However, this is emphasising how much Scope has helped them and also sets up how much more helpful Scope became to them, later in the letter. Another hyperbole, is the bold caption ‘If it wasn't for Scopes Ingfield Manor School, Abigail wouldn't be†¦ Abigail! ‘ Obviously she still would be Abigail but this is used to highlight how much of a lifeline Scope had been, not just for Abigail, but to her parents also. They helped Abigail develop her own personality, even though she has a disability which can hold her back. Another rhetorical technique, used by the writer is the Tricolon. Ric describes how the school not only give the children a ‘national curriculum education' as all schools do, but also how they ‘develop speech, movement and mobility. The use of the Tricolon here shows how much work Scope put in and how much they help people with Cerebral Palsy to learn. To add more emotion and make it even more personal, Ric uses a Tricolon to depict how Scope has personally helped his daughter to ‘develop her education, her self-esteem and her sparkling personality. ‘ The use of the adje ctive ‘sparkling' within the tricolon highlights that not only has Scope helped Abigail develop a personality, they have helped her create a strong one that shines through her disability. Another powerful adjective used in the letter is ‘dedicated'. This adjective shows that Scope are trying really hard to make a difference and will stop at nothing to help people like Abigail, people with this terrible disability. Together with the common noun ‘family', the two word classes strongly emphasise that they all work together and make everyone; the family, the ‘pupil' and even the reader feel included in their achievements as a team. The verbs used in this text guide the reader to feel that Scope is a very friendly and caring charity. The modal auxiliary verbs ‘can' and ‘will' express that there is hope for people with Cerebral Palsy, and Scope is it. The modal auxiliary verb ‘will' indicates that Scope will definitely continue helping people for as long as they receive support. The dynamic verbs ‘meeting' and ‘providing' are in the progressive tense, showing that Scope's work is ongoing, meaning that they have to rely on peoples donations for their work to continue. Furthermore, the verbs ‘develop', ‘provide', ‘share' and ‘support' greatly emphasise that Scope are not forceful and are there to ‘support' people like Abigail. They do not push her but guide her and help her to become the best she can be, while making life for her and her family easier. Taking away the pressure and worry for her education and how it might be affected by Cerebral Palsy. The verb ‘support' is particularly important as it makes the reader realise that Abigail is not an invalid, nor should she be treated as inferior to anybody else, she just needs a little help and guidance due to her disability. That is where Scope comes in. These verbs persuade the reader to help as they can empathise with Abigail. Finally the verbs ‘joking' and ‘giggling' lighten up the mood of the text as the reader becomes aware that Scope help bring light and happiness into these peoples lives. Although Ric himself didn't write this letter, it would have been carefully crafted to make it sound as if he did, to make it more personal and more effective. The writer uses the grammatical techniques to make the audience aware of what it would be like in Ric's shoes, persuading them to help, while informing them about Cerebral Palsy and how Scope enable people to overcome difficulties in learning.

Module 5 Case Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Module 5 Case - Assignment Example (Drury, 2004) These divisions are obligated to transact amongst themselves, the costs are decided by using a transfer. Even though the transfer prices may not differ much from the market prices, one of the divisions or the company as a whole in such a transaction go at a loss The buying divisions may buy for more than the principal market price or the selling division can sell below the market price, hence affecting their performance. This can either result into a loss or gain in any or all of the divisions. The company can also make a profit or a loss (Tully, 2012) Table1 of Supply Division C Quantity Manufactured Quantity supplied Current supply Price per unit Total Cost Proposed supply Price per unit Total Cost Supplier C part 101 2,000 3,000 $900 $2,700,000 2,000 $900 $1,800,000 Supplier C part 201 500 1,000 $900 $900,000 500 $1,900 $950,000 From the table 1: Division C will experience a loss, since it, supply of Part 101 reduces from a volume of $2,700,000 to $1,800,000. The tra nsfer price is $2,000 while the market price for this part 101 is $900. Even though the total volume of supply of part 201 to Division B indicates a slight drop from the transfer price. The overall transaction for this division is a loss. Table2 for Buying Division A Quantity Bought Current purchase Price per unit Total Cost Proposed Purchases Price per unit Total Cost Supplier C part 101 3,000 $900 $2,700,000 2,000 $900 $1,800,000 External Supplier part 101 1,000 $900 $900,000 2,000 $900 $1,800,000 The buying division A will be in profit, because the price for the part A is $900. This price is less than the transfer price of $1,000. Even though the quantity supplied by Division C has reduced, they have increased their purchase volume from the external supply from 1,000 units to 2,000 units Table three for buying division B Quantity Bought Current Purchases Price per unit Total Cost Proposed Purchase Price per unit Total Cost Supplier C part 201 1,000 $900 $900,000 2,000 $900 $1,800 ,000 External Supplier part 201 1,000 $900 $900,000 1,500 $1,900 $2,850,000 Division B is a buying division will be in profit if the proposal is implemented. This is driven by two factors: they will have to buy more units both from division C and Externally at a price less than the transfer price. The transfer price is put at $2,000 while the market price for part 201 is $1,900. Profit will be $4,650,000-$1,800,000 =$3,250,000 Table 4 External Supplier Current supply Price per unit Total Cost Proposed supply Price per unit Total Cost Supplier part 101 to A 3,000 $900 $2,700,000 2,000 $900 $1,800,000 Supplier part 201 to B 1,000 $900 $900,000 1,500 $1,900 $2,850,000 From the above data, the company will make a loss since the overall increase in the external supply of both parts. The internal supplier namely the division C is disadvantaged in the new proposal. The total supply by this division will be a total 2,500 units, while external supplier will bring in 3,500 units. Division A: Buying division or downstream Part 101 Transfer cost = $1,000 Current Operation Units bought currently = (3,000 units from supplier C + 1,000 units from External supplier) = 4,000 units Unit cost = $ 900 Total cost = $ 900 X 4,000 = $36,000

Theory of Social Contract Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Theory of Social Contract - Essay Example Hobbes theory of Social Contract ratifies the condition in which individuals give up their individual liberties, in exchange for a common security. In this theory, no limits exist to the natural rights to liberty. Through the social contract, people are able to transfer their mutual rights. According to Hobbes, individuals sacrifice their liberty to the Leviathan because the society in which people are born into has laws and convection that are already in place (Baumgold, 53). Folks have no option but to adhere to the existing limited conventions and laws instead of exploiting their natural unlimited rights. The application of Hobbes’ ideas in the modern society is apt. Its application is important due to many reasons. First, the societies’ population grows rapidly, and there is a need to avail stronger societal norms that can hold people together. Laws are vital in ensuring that the large population of the world coexists in peace. Secondly, the world of today embraces capitalism, which leaves a larger part of the world population grieving in poverty. Without proper policies such as property rights, the poor population can trespass into the property of the rich people. In conclusion, Hobbes reiterates that people tend to sacrifice their natural liberties to the Leviathan because of the pre-existing conventions and property rights that they find in the society. It is important, to reinforce such legislation in the contemporary society to ensure the maintenance of sanity and order amongst the world’s populace.

Role as a Mentor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Role as a Mentor - Essay Example Mentoring is a concept and practice that is associated with providing professional learning in health care. This practice has changed since 1970 significantly and was officially implemented in nursing in 1980. There are different tittles that are used in connection with the role of mentoring. Role of Mentors Mentoring activities are aimed at providing safe and effective skills for students in health care practice. It helps professionals provide informed guidance to students while they are in a practical situation (Martin and Mackinnon, 2007, 41). Mentors should have the knowledge and skills to hold up learners and offer secure surroundings for learning. There are roles within mentorship that overlap, even though there are distinctions between these roles. When these roles change, a clear distinction between mentoring and coaching is established. The term ‘mentor’ has changed to signify a person who guides individuals during their developmental years to progress and achieve their identity (Martin and Mackinnon, 2007, 41). The term is implemented in nursing education for students to achieve safe and effective clinical skills during their practice. The role of a mentor is to support learning in the practice situation. There are overlapping roles of a mentor; thus, he is expected to show certain characteristics during a practical situation. There are different roles of a mentor and a lecturer in that a mentor focuses on individual students in practice while a lecturer focuses on learning environment. In nursing practice, the word ‘mentor’ is defined as a midwifery or health visitor who supervises students in clinic situations. Mentors also help in facilitating learning in clinical settings. Mentors have different roles that include nurturing, role modeling, functioning, and sustaining a caring relations hip over time. Mentors should have good communication skills for them to understand the principles of adult education. The role of mentors is widely utilized, and it may appear as an obvious aspect offered to learners. Students need mentors to ensure they have safe practices. Mentors also ensure that students acquire competence in their fields of learning. In nursing and health profession mentors guide, support and act as role models to their students. It is the responsibility of a mentor to structure a working environment for learning, hence facilitating constructive and honest feedback. A mentor ought to be friendly and encourage the students while they are in a learning situation. Students who have been on placement can take advantage of mentoring by applying for that post after qualification. Mentorship enables students to attain competent practice as long as it is established on a supportive basis. It is suggested that people might benefit from having a mentor in their lives. B oth parties select this role, and the mentor can be a parent, friend, or a senior peer. Students select mentors for guidance and counseling. However, mentors identify different reasons for mentoring roles. Research has identified different roles for mentors such as guidance and counseling. Aspects for Change The mentoring process combines various factors that are effective and essential for learning. Mentors need to create an environment for learning and display leadership skills for students to emulate. The mentoring process should emphasize assessment and accountability. Establishing an effective learning environment is significant because it contributes to sufficient clinical experience. This relationship assists the mentor and students in

U2 Case Project Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

U2 Case Project - Coursework Example d http://www.icann.org/epp#clientUpdateProhibited, serverDeleteProhibited http://www.icann.org/epp#serverDeleteProhibited, serverTransferProhibited http://www.icann.org/epp#serverTransferProhibited, serverUpdateProhibited http://www.icann.org/epp#serverUpdateProhibited. clientDeleteProhibited -- http://www.icann.org/epp#clientDeleteProhibited, clientRenewProhibited -- http://www.icann.org/epp#clientRenewProhibited, clientTransferProhibited -- http://www.icann.org/epp#clientTransferProhibited, clientUpdateProhibited -- http://www.icann.org/epp#clientUpdateProhibited, serverDeleteProhibited -- http://www.icann.org/epp#serverDeleteProhibited, serverRenewProhibited -- http://www.icann.org/epp#serverRenewProhibited, serverTransferProhibited -- http://www.icann.org/epp#serverTransferProhibited, serverUpdateProhibited -- http://www.icann.org/epp#serverUpdateProhibited In this section we shall resolve the server issues being experienced by a company that has upgraded its network from Windows Server 2000 server to Windows Server 2008. A server acts as an electronic filing cabinet. This happens to be one of its fundamental roles. Client’s connection to a server is purposefully to gain access to a shared file or stored data. Bender (2009) to us the newly improved technologies from Windows Server 2008 that will help in solving the server issue. These are improved distributed file services and improved file sharing wizard. A centralized point is provided by the distributed file sharing service (DFS), it is at this point that information is loaded to enable easy access. This point will enable the business to access network data from the database. The other technology is file sharing wizard. The sharing wizard on the system must first be enabled in other to share files with other network users. In order to establish connection you first start by c licking network and sharing center. You then turn on public folder sharing; this applies on systems with established

DQ 1SD and KW DQ2 Responses W10 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

DQ 1SD and KW DQ2 Responses W10 - Essay Example I agree with you that the use of leverage is advantageous for the person holding the leverage. Leverage can also be used by individual investors in the stock market to increase their purchasing power through the use of a margin account (Sec, 2009). When companies are able to reduce taxes and depreciation as they use leverage firms gain an advantage that allows them to achieve better operating results. For example two companies have the same pretax income. One firm uses leverage and has interest tax deductions, while the second company does not use leverage. The company that uses leverage will have a higher net income due to lower taxes. As you mentioned in your response leverage is often used by corporations in order to achieve growth. Successful multinational corporations such as McDonald’s and Starbucks would not have been able to achieve their tremendous level of growth and success without the use of leverage. I agree with you that the value of a project is highly dependent on the present value of the cash flows the project is supposed to generate during its

Company Introduction, Market Segmentation, and Product Positioning Research Paper

Company Introduction, Market Segmentation, and Product Positioning - Research Paper Example Express Vending LLC is a privately-held company in Florida that has a head office and a small warehouse in the area of North Miami Beach in Florida. There are four investors of the company i.e. Jessica Smith, Jones Patrick, Margaret Florence and Michelle D’Souza. Jessica Smith and Jones Patrick are the co-founders who have both an experience in the vending machine industry and have the expertise in running an entrepreneurial business. Margaret Florence has proficiency in the financial industry as she has worked for two well-known financial institutions in the last ten years and Michelle D’Souza will bring her marketing, operational and management skills to the company for ensuring that the business operations are smooth and effective. Once Express Vending LLC is successful in its local market, it will expand into the European market as it is vast and has a lot of opportunities for growth. Currently, the European market has a limited number of companies who are offering their customers reasonably priced machines and equipment for their restaurants; hence, the company will target those customers who are looking for innovative and top quality vending machines and equipment for the food and beverage at prices that are affordable by them. â€Å"The mission of Express Vending LLC is to be the dominant company in both the vending machine and the restaurant equipment industries by providing easy access to a wide range of unique, high quality and innovative products at reasonable prices. We believe that we will be successful in meeting the needs of our customers by developing close contacts with them so that we have cordial relations with them. Express Vending LLC will earn adequate stream of profits from its operations so that stability can be sustained and even finance the future growth avenues. We will ensure that all our business operations are conducted in an ethical

Sleepless In Seattle (The Movie) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sleepless In Seattle (The Movie) - Essay Example She was his perfect match. He knew it since he touched her hand for the first time. It was like magic, he says. He doesn’t believe it may happen twice in life. He decides to begin the life from a clean page and leaves for Seattle, where he buys a boat house. He’s got a wonderful 8-year-old son Jonah, who worries about him. On Christmas Eve Jonah calls the radio and speaks to Dr. Marcia about his father, who doesn’t sleep and denies having any dates. Jonah thinks his father needs a wife. Dr. Marcia feels that Sam is seriously depressed and invites him to communication. When Jonah goads his father to the phone, Sam, first reluctantly, speaks about his wife. He tells about her and their relationships in simple words that touch all the female hearts. He speaks of the magic every woman dreams of. As a result, he gets about 2,000 letters with proposals from women living all over the USA. He even agrees to date with one of them, hyena-like laughing Victoria. Annie Reed (Ryan) is a newspaper feature writer, who loves to watch romantic old movies and is going to marry a man, offering her stability and certainty. Bill Pullman, playing her fiancà ©, what Hollywood calls "the Bellamy role" (â€Å"decent but dull suitors always nudged aside so that hero and heroine could go off together†) is a perfect nuisance, dull and boring. She persuades herself that there is no romantic in the world and we should live using our common sense. When she hears Sam’s story, something clicks in her head. She thinks of him, and at last writes a letter, offering to meet in New York at the Empire State building, as it was planned by the characters of the old movie she likes best of all. An Affair to Remember, which inspired Ephron and makes all the females in the film cry, had a tragic end, while Sleepless in Seattle doesn’t leave any doubt as to the happy end. Besides, Annie goes to Seattle to look at Sam and really likes him.

Risk assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Risk assessment - Essay Example One of the major man-made disasters in the Northern shore in Staten Island is the ship to ship oil transfer activities at St. George ferry terminal. For instance, on March 23, 2009, more than 3000 gallons of oil spilled into the ocean in the operation (Checker, 2009). Spillage of oil not only endangered the ecosystem in the area but also lives of people as waters and seafood become contaminated, in addition to ruining the beautiful beaches. The operation is a medium level risk that does not occur regularly, but may have serious repercussions. Another man-made hazard in the area is the many factories that operate near residential areas leaving traces of harmful and radioactive elements. For instance, On April 2 2009, the Environmental Protection Agency, EPA announced the discovery of lead levels ten times more than the acceptable limits on a site where the defunct Sedutto’s Ice Cream factory was located (Checker, 2009). This location is a few meters away from residential houses . Moreover, the urgency in the same day announced to have discovered high and alarming levels of lead and arsenic near the Veterans Park. Such materials do pose great danger to the lives of people and may be a serious predisposing factor of terminal diseases such as cancer and other respiratory diseases. The Fresh Kill, one of the largest landfills globally poses medium to high-level risk to the residents of North Shore Staten Island. The site contains all forms of hazardous materials buried to make the landfill. If the water from the landfill flows to the near residential areas the toxic materials might be a high risk. Considering the low-income class of people living next to the landfills, sanitation in these residential areas may not meet the required health standards, which is a high health risk. Moreover, a mix of factories and residential apartments in the Northern shore possess a high risk. Emissions from the factory may

Colorado Creative Music Case Study Essay Example for Free

Colorado Creative Music Case Study Essay Large differences among competitors (advertisement) Necessity of touring across the country (more personal approach) Driving forces Financial Lowered initial investment (technology) Easy to enter the market Digitalization (fixed costs) Non-financial (art) To create a better piece of art Essential for business to happen Attractiveness of the industry from the standpoint of good long-term profit prospects Health problems of Mr. Darren Skanson Instead of 2 planned CDs only 1new CD He found new musicians Need to sell more CDs (no more sales, no profit) for acceptation of the CDs by distributors Direct sales are big part of sales Finding of some responsible and skilful person SWOT analysis strengths decreased expenses due to digital revolution position on the market Darren’s presence at shows the direct sale weaknesses lack of managerial skills insufficient distribution channel reducing profit SWOT analysis con’t opportunities reaching broader audience with promoting various artists and music styles music events outside Colorado cooperation with retail outlets nationwide threats new entrants existing competition minor position on the market iracy Assessment of CCM’s financial performance Not very various financial performance of the company Trends in each year: increasing gross profit of the company/expenses are increasing/net income is decreasing except 1998/sales are increasing – but not very – problem Increased number of work – increased number of money for hiring of new people. He need to sell more CDs if the company wants to be a part of national distribution he had several options: 1. To have several artists and to play as record label 2. Compete with artists on a recording label with Sony Classical 3. To make a new good selling product and to use money from sales for first two goals He found out that needs to increase promotion and publicity process (not quality but image) The biggest dilemma – after having health problems – need to find responsible and skilful person Uncertainties – manager on his position can be weak and not such good as Darren – not beneficial for the company – no profit.

History of Europe 1815-1914 Essay Example for Free

History of Europe 1815-1914 Essay Nationalism is a relatively recent phenomenon, considering the grand sweep of history. Although its roots can be found among the ancient Hebrews and Greeks, Niccolo Machiavelli’s book, The Prince, was the beginning of modern day nationalism, and was â€Å"important in the preparation of nationalism. † (Kohn, 1955, p. 9) Machiavelli believed that the state must be preserved and defended at any cost, and longed for Italian unification, which was to come centuries later. John Milton of 17th century Great Britain is considered to be the architect of modern day nationalism. Milton regarded nationalism as â€Å"the affirmation of individual freedom from authority, the self-assertion of personality in face of its own government or church,† and the freedom to â€Å"utter and to argue freely according to conscience. † (Kohn, 1955, p. 16-17) According to historian John Hall, at the core of liberalism is the quest to answer the question, â€Å"What is the nature of a good life? † (Hall, 1988, p. 9) Immanuel Kant, the German philosopher, was concerned with the categories of the human mind. His philosophy is often called critical philosophy. He believed human reasoning to be the ultimate authority on morality, and that a person should be free to reason. As hall puts it, Kant’s â€Å"defense of the basic liberal aim of considering individuals to be of moral worth remains high-powered and absolutely central to liberalism. † (Hall, 1988, p. 19) John Stuart Mill is considered to be â€Å"the most important single theorist of liberalism. † (Hall, 1988, p. 24) He believed in a person’s right to freedom, as did Kant, and defended individual liberty. Mill wrote in his work, On Liberty, â€Å"the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others. † (Hall, 1988, p. 25) Mill was considered to be a radical in his time for he supported women’s equality, including the right to vote, education and birth control. Although Mill never became a socialist, he studied pre-Marxist socialist works. Karl Marx’s brand of socialism divided industrialized society into two classes: proletariat and bourgeoisie. The proletariats being the working class, and the bourgeoisie being the rich, ruling class. He criticized capitalism and considered it to be oppressive. He viewed freedom as the â€Å"extent of humankinds domination over nature and the degree of rational, conscious control over social relations. † (Walicki, 1995, p. 12) Marx was the â€Å"prophet of communism† and he thought that his utopian view of society would â€Å"restore the unity of humankind, reconciling human individual existence with human species essence. † (Walicki, 1995, p. 12) Friedrich Engels was a contemporary of Marx, and co-wrote works with him, including the Communist Manifesto. Both Engels and Marx co-founded communism. He believed that the evils in industrialized society were due to private property, and only through a class struggle which led to a communist society could there be equality. The Problem of Bismarck Otto von Bismarck was appointed as Prime Minister of Prussia by Emperor William I in 1862. Not incredibly popular when appointed, people underestimated the power-hungry man. Prior to Bismarck’s appointment, William wanted to reform the Prussian military. The parliament agreed to reform but did not want to yield control of the budget to William for a long period of time. When Bismarck came on the scene he managed to collect additional taxes needed, and used them toward military reform without the consent or approval of the parliament. Unlike Bismarck, Louis-Napoleon of France, the great nephew of Napoleon I, started his political career with great support, but ended up being deposed. He was elected president of France in 1848 with a victory of 74. 2%. He was able to gain such a huge victory by being able to â€Å"appear as all things to all men. † (Price, 2003) However, resistance grew to his domination of government in 1851. He started a coup in December 1851 with little resistance in Paris, but more in rural areas, but he was able to crush that resistance. An election was held after the coup to decide whether or not people wanted him to have the authority necessary to create a constitution, and the result was an overwhelming yes, due to his â€Å"immense popularity. † (Price, 2003) Napoleon created the Second Empire, with himself the Emperor. In 1868 Bismarck pushed for Leopold, prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, to take the throne of Spain after the Spanish Revolution of 1868. Napoleon was alarmed at the prospect of Leopold taking the Spanish throne and threatened war. Leopold’s candidacy for the throne was withdrawn, but Napoleon wanted a letter of apology from Bismarck. Bismarck published the demands of Napoleon and Prussia’s rejection in the Ems Dispatch because he knew it would likely lead to war, and thought that a war with France would cause southern German states to help fight a Prussian war, leading to the unification of Germany. War did break out in 1870, and lasted until 1871. France was defeated by Prussia under Bismarck’s leadership. Politics Economy During the 19th century Great Britain experienced a tremendous amount of economic growth, which began with the cotton industry. â€Å"Between 1815 and 1851 occurred the most rapid economic development of domestic resources in the whole of British economic history. † (Smellie, 1962, p. 140) By 1860 half of the world’s coal and manufactured goods were supplied by Britain. By 1870 British international trade was greater than the French, German and Italian combined. Several major political developments occurred in Britain during the 1830s. The Reform Bill, enacted in 1832, lessened the amount of land a man had to own to be eligible to vote. It increased eligible voters by more than 200,000. However, eligible voters still only amounted to 20%. As a reaction to the French Revolution, the Six Acts Law was passed by Parliament in 1819. It severely limited civil liberties, including freedom of the press and the right to public meeting. Other laws were passed which outlawed political rallies, and made it illegal to form labor organizations. The economic development of France was much slower than Britain’s. It took longer to industrialize because the French population did not increase as fast as the rest of Europe. The slow population growth was caused by peasants limiting their family size due to the small plots they farmed. A recession in the 1860s occurred because agriculture and industry could not keep up with global competition. From 1815 to 1870 France went through a series of regime changes. In 1815 Napoleon I was defeated and France was invaded by foreign troops. Restoration of the Bourbon monarchy was forced upon the French people, and Louis XVIII was installed as king. After Louis died in 1824 Charles X became king. Moderate royalists and liberals won seats in elections, and in 1829 Charles appointed Jules de Polignac as chief minister, which alienated both moderates and liberals. After the elections in 1830 Charles signed the July Ordinances into law which dismissed the newly elected Chamber of Deputies, causing another revolution where Charles was driven from the throne, and the July Monarchy installed, named after the month when Louis Philippe, of the house of Orleans, was installed. Louis-Philippe was also driven from the throne in 1848, and the Second Republic was created. An April 1848 election allowed all eligible males to vote. Workers in Paris, however, did not like the results of the election and revolted. The revolts were brutally put down in what came to be called the June Days of 1848. Louis Napoleon won the presidential elections of 1848, as previously mentioned, later declaring himself emperor. War Unity During the 19th century unification occurred in both Germany and Italy. In Germany Bismarck managed to unite Germany through war with France in 1870, asking Germans not to fight â€Å"for Prussian expansion but for the sake of the fatherland. † (Bridge, 1980, p. 3) He succeeded in uniting Germany, but at a price Germans did not realize. â€Å"Bismarcks sensational success in unifying the country blinded most of his countrymen to the political retardation he had imposed upon them. †(Feuchtwanger, 2001, p. 14) He managed to force an authoritarian system on all of Germany. In Italy the Risorgimento, the term for Italian resistance to Austrian rule and the growing desire for unification, began with Giuseppe Mazzini. Exiled to France in 1831, he created the organization called Giovane Italia (Young Italy) in order to help spread Italian nationalism. Giuseppe Garibaldi was inspired by Mazzini, and in 1860 he landed in Sicily in order to stir up a revolt against the Sicilian king. He managed to gather Sicilian peasants to fight, and they were able to defeat the king. He then set himself up as the dictator of Sicily, and headed to the southern mainland with his Sicilian peasants. He also gained the support of peasants there, and then headed north, where he defeated King Francis of Naples. He was met with resistance by the forces of Victor Emmanuel, king of Sardinia. He decided to hand over his conquests to Victor Emmanuel. Garibaldi was an exact opposite of Bismarck. He fought for unification of his country by gathering the support of the people, while Bismarck united his country by embroiling them in wars. Bismarck imposed authoritarianism on the German people. Garibaldi put his political ambitions aside for the good of his country. â€Å"He could have established himself as dictator of southern Italy but believed national unity to be more important than personal ambition. † (Farmer, 2006)

Establishing a Case for Murder

Establishing a Case for Murder There is little doubt that Gharmi will be charged with Peter’s murder, unless any autopsy carried out shows that his death was completely unrelated to his ingestion of the rat poison. On the given facts this seems extremely unlikely. In order to establish a case for murder it is the responsibility of the prosecution to prove that Gharmi was in the correct state of mind (mens rea) when she placed the rat poison in Peter’s rice-baryani. For murder this is malice aforethought[1] either express or implied[2]. This can also be described as an intention to unlawfully kill the victim (express malice) or cause grievous bodily harm (implied malice). Grievous bodily harm is defined for these purposes as really serious harm[3]. In addition to this mental element the Crown must establish that Gharmi actually did the act which caused Peter’s death (actus reus), that is she placed the poison in the food – clearly a very simple process in this instance. Dependant upon the evidence available it may be the case that the Crown Prosecution Service does not feel that it will be possible to sustain a murder charge. In this case they may downgrade the charge to one of involuntary manslaughter. This would be the case if it was felt that Gharmi had not intended to kill or cause grievous bodily harm to Peter[4], but had simply intended to ‘injure, aggrieve or annoy’[5] him. For a charge of involuntary manslaughter to be possible, the act which causes[6] the death must be unlawful, meaning it must constitute a criminal offence[7]. There is little doubt the poisoning of Peter’s food and tea would constitute an unlawful act[8], regardless of Gharmi’s intentions, unless it can be shown that she intended no harm, which seems unlikely. Gharmi can only be guilty of involuntary manslaughter if it is thought by a jury that it would be inevitable to the reasonable person that her actions would pose the risk of at least some h arm to Peter[9]. It is important to note that it is irrelevant whether Peter’s death was caused by Gharmi’s poisoning of his food or his tea. Since it was possible for either to cause his death it is not necessary to draw a distinction between the two[10]. Involuntary manslaughter has been described as a homicide which occupies ‘the shifting sands between the uncertain †¦ definition of murder and the unsettled boundaries of excusable or accidental death’[11] and it is this uncertainty that Gharmi would need to rely on. Is it possible for a jury to be sure that she intended to kill Peter? Clearly the facts of the case are extremely relevant here, namely the amount of rat poison used and Gharmi’s knowledge of its possible effects. If convicted of manslaughter Gharmi may, at the discretion of the court, face up to life imprisonment[12]. If the Crown Prosecution Service intends to persist with the charge of murder against her Gharmi will need to consider whether she is a position to try to defend the charge in some way. The most likely defence available to Gharmi is that of voluntary manslaughter by provocation. The jury must be satisfied that Gharmi was ‘provoked (whether by things done or by things said or both together) to lose [her] self control’[13]. It is interesting to note that despite this being a defence the onus of proof is placed on the prosecution to demonstrate that there was not any provocation. The judge must make this clear to the jury[14] and should indicate to them any evidence that might indicate that provocation took place and therefore support the defence[15]. In essence whether this defence is available is purely a decision for the jury based on the evidence. Section 3 of the Homicide Act 1957 raises two questions which must be considered by the jury. The first is the subjective question of whether the Gharmi was provoked to lose her self-control by the things that Peter had said or done to her. In order for provocation to be considered it must be decided that Gharmi was so affected by Peter’s words and actions that she suffered a sudden loss of self-control so that she was ‘so subject to passion as to make [her] for the moment not the master of [her] mind’[16]. Clearly the longer the time between the provocation and the actions of the defendant the less likely it is that the provocation can be said to result in a sudden loss of control[17]. This is more likely to be considered to constitute a situation where the defendant simply exacts revenge on the victim for their actions, and this level of deliberation would be inconsistent with the defence of provocation. Whilst it is essential in order for the defence of provocation to be valid that the act of the defendant follows immediately upon the provoking acts of the victim, it is not essential that the victim’s last act is the only one that triggers the defendant’s actions[18]. This is clearly hugely relevant to Gharmi, in that she has suffered a level of abuse from Peter for the last two years. Since Gharmi has been involved in a series of abusive and violent arguments with Peter over time, the jury are far more likely to be asked to consider that this, on the face of it, relatively minor argument constitutes a ‘last straw’ for Gharmi[19] and that she suffered a loss of self-control following it. It is irrelevant for the purposes of the defence of provocation that Gharmi may have at this or any point in the past induced Peter with her comments, especially regarding Dhoop, to act in the way he did. Since section 3 of the Homicide Act 1957 does not expressly preclude circumstances where the defendant has induced an action or a reaction from the victim, which in return caused the defendant to lose control the defence of provocation must be put before the jury[20], as it would if the defendant had not caused any kind of provocation to the victim. It seems likely that Gharmi would meet the requirements of this subjective test, but in order to successfully plead provocation as a defence to murder she must also meet the requirements of the objective test in section 3. The jury must consider not only that the defendant lost their self-control, but also whether all of the things done or said as a provocation might have provoked the reasonable man to do as the defendant did[21]. The directions that would need to be given to a jury at this point are somewhat complex and would need very careful consideration. The jury must assess the level of provocation in relation to any particular peculiarities that the defendant might have[22]. If the defendant is of a particularly sensitive nature regarding some aspect, this must be taken into account when the jury are considering the level of provocation applied by the victim. When this has been assessed however, the jury must then weigh up the standard of the defendant’s self-control against that of the reasonable person, of the same sex and age of the defendant, exercising ordinary powers of self-control[23]. The jury can not take into account any of the defendant’s particular peculiarities when assessing whether they have exercised reasonable self-control. It is not necessary for the act which has been provoked to be in any way proportionate to the provocation, but the jury should consider this when deciding whether the reasonable man might have reacted in the same manner as the defendant[24]. What this means for Gharmi is that whilst a jury will take into account any personal traits that she might possess with regards to the level of provocation which might provoke a reaction from her, they will then need to decide whether a woman of the same age as her, with a normal level of self-control, might have acted in the same manner. They will take into consideration the level of abuse Gharmi has received from Peter and the period over which it has been received for the purposes of assessing whether it is of a serious enough nature to support the defence of provocation. Having done this they cannot take it into account further when deciding whether Gharmi acted reasonably, this must be assessed against the standard described above. There are one or two matters which may be of concern to the jury when considering provocation in relation to Gharmi’s killing of Peter. The first is that her reaction did not follow the provocation immediately. Gharmi spent time cooking Peter’s meal and, it may be considered, took time to plan her revenge in a controlled manner. The counter argument to this would of course be that Gharmi must have been aware that her actions would result in her arrest and in that circumstance it seems far more likely to have been a moment of loss of control on her part. It would seem unreasonable to think that she might prefer to kill Peter and leave her son without either parent, instead of exacting some other kind of revenge on him; such as leaving and marrying Dhoop. The other concern would be that her revenge, given the fact that the relationship was a tempestuous one, was not proportionate to the provocation. It has been mentioned that this does not need to be the case, but it is s omething that would be considered by a jury when deciding whether Gharmi’s reasonable counterpart would have acted in the same manner she did[25]. At this stage of their deliberations the jury cannot take into account any of Gharmi’s personal characteristics, such as the possibility that she might be more sensitive to Peter’s comments as a result of the length of time the abuse has continued for. They must simply say that if provoked would the reasonable woman of Gharmi’s age have reacted as she did. It is far less likely that a person who has not suffered sustained abuse would have reacted by killing Peter, but this is how Gharmi must be judged. If found guilty of murder Gharmi will face a mandatory life sentence, which means, for the type of murder she has committed, she will face a prison sentence of not less that fifteen years[26]. It has already been stated that if convicted of involuntary manslaughter she could also face a life sentence[27] there is however some discretion in sentencing. The same applies if Gharmi successfully pleads voluntary manslaughter through provocation[28]. The court will take into account the level of provocation, the time span between the provocation and the unlawful killing and the length of time that the provocation has taken place for. Clearly the less the provocation and the shorter its duration the longer the sentence that will be issued to the defendant, providing there are no other mitigating circumstances. The sentence range is from life imprisonment to no custodial sentence at all. It seems likely on the facts that Gharmi would face some kind of custodial sentence, but given the length of time the provocation continued for it, would be lessened from life, however it is recognised that actual physical violence or anticipated violence are considered a greater provocation than verbal abuse alone. On the given facts Gharmi did unlawfully kill Peter. If this was not intentional she may face a charge of manslaughter. In 1989, the last year for which figures are available, the number of indictments for homicide was 371 of which there were only 28 convictions for involuntary manslaughter as opposed to 131 for murder and 110 for other types of manslaughter[29]. With this in mind it seems, on the facts, that Gharmi is far more likely to be successful in a plea of manslaughter through provocation in order to reduce her conviction from murder than have it reduced to involuntary manslaughter by claiming that she did not intend to kill Peter. 2000 words Table of Cases A-G’s Reference (No. 4 of 1980) [1981] 2 All ER 617 A-G for Jersey v. Holley [2005] UKPC 23 DPP v. Camplin [1978] AC 705 Phillips v. R [1969] 2 AC 130 R v. Ahluwia [1993] Crim. LR 63 R v. Cascoe [1970] 2 All ER 833 R v. Church [1966] 1 QB 59 R v. Dias [2001] EWCA Crim 2986, R v. Kennedy [2005] 1 WLR 2159 et al R v. Duffy [1949] 1 All ER 932 R v. Humphries [1994] 4 All ER 1009 R v. Inner South London Coroner, ex p Douglas-Williams [1999] 1 All ER 344 R v. Johnson [1989] 1 WLR 740 DPP v. Smith [1961] AC 290 R v. Stewart (Benjamin James) [1995] 4 All ER 999 R v. Taylor (1834) 2 Lew CC 215 R v. Thornton (Sara Elizabeth) (No.2) [1996] 2 All ER 1023 Woolmington v. DPP [1935] AC 462 Table of Legislation Criminal Justice Act 2003 Homicide Act 1957 Offences Against the Person Act 1861 Bibliography Allen, M. J., Elliott and Wood’s Cases and Materials on Criminal Law 8th Edition (2001), London: Sweet Maxwell Halsbury’s Laws of England, Criminal Law, Evidence and Procedure (Volume 11(1)) (2006 Reissue) Paragraphs – 92 – 101: Web Version Holton, R. and Shute, S., Self Control in the Modern Provocation Defence (2007), Oxford: Oxford Journal of Legal Studies (27(1), 49 – 73) Office for National Statistics, Criminal Statistics for England and Wales (1998), Cm 4649 Ormerod, D., Smith and Hogan Criminal Law 12th Revised Edition, (2008), Oxford: Oxford University Press Ormerod, D., Smith and Hogan Criminal Law: Cases and Materials 9th Revised Edition, (2005), Oxford: Oxford University Press Reed, A., Jury Directions on Provocation (2006), Criminal Lawyer (158, 1 – 3) Sentencing Guidelines Council Guideline: Manslaughter by Reason of Provocation (2005) Slapper, G. and Kelly, D., The English Legal System 7th Edition (2004), London: Cavendish 1 Footnotes [1] Homicide Act 1957, s.1 [2] Woolmington v. DPP [1935] AC 462 [3] DPP v. Smith [1961] AC 290 [4] R v. Taylor (1834) 2 Lew CC 215 [5] Offences Against the Person Act 1861, s.24 [6] R v. Inner South London Coroner, ex p Douglas-Williams [1999] 1 All ER 344 [7] R v. Dias [2001] EWCA Crim 2986, R v. Kennedy [2005] 1 WLR 2159 et al [8] Offences Against the Person Act 1861, s.24 [9] R v. Church [1966] 1 QB 59 [10] A-G’s Reference (No. 4 of 1980) [1981] 2 All ER 617 [11] Hogan, ‘The Killing Ground: 1964 – 73’ [1974] Crim. L.R. 387,391 [12] Offences Against the Person Act 1861 s.5 [13] Homicide Act 1957 s.3 [14] R v. Cascoe [1970] 2 All ER 833 [15] R v. Stewart (Benjamin James) [1995] 4 All ER 999 [16] R v. Duffy [1949] 1 All ER 932 [17] R v. Ahluwia [1993] Crim. LR 63 [18] R v. Humphries [1994] 4 All ER 1009 [19] R v. Thornton (Sara Elizabeth) (No.2) [1996] 2 All ER 1023 [20] R v. Johnson [1989] 1 WLR 740 [21] Homicide Act 1957 s.3 [22] DPP v. Camplin [1978] AC 705 [23] A-G for Jersey v. Holley [2005] UKPC 23 [24] Phillips v. R [1969] 2 AC 130 [25] Phillips v. R [1969] 2 AC 130 [26] Criminal Justice Act 2003 s.269 [27] Offences Against the Person Act 1861 s.5 [28] Sentencing Guidelines Council Guideline: Manslaughter by Reason of Provocation (2005) [29] Criminal Statistics for England and Wales Cm 4649 (1998)

Beloved Essay -- miscellaneous

Beloved Everyday, people are faced with choices. Some of life’s choices are simple, such as deciding what to wear to school or choosing a television station to watch. Other choices, however, are much more serious and have life-altering consequences. Sethe, the protagonist of Beloved, and Sophie, the main focus in Sophie’s Choice, are mothers that are faced with choices that change their entire lives. While the time period and characters involved differ, the choices of Sethe and Sophie can easily be compared. First and foremost, Sethe and Sophie both make choices that lead to the killing of their children. In both pieces, the actions of the mothers cause the audience to think twice about the limits of maternal love. Sethe tries to kill her children to save them from a life of slavery. Sethe’s plot was unsuccessful, for only one daughter was murdered. To fully understand Sethe’s actions, the reader must realize that on that August afternoon in 1855, Sethe reaches for the handsaw to protect her children from Schoolteacher. Sethe wants to murder her other children, but they escape before she can harm them. Sethe truly believes that she is saving her family from the pain of slavery, and, as a result, her choice alienates her from the rest of her community. Nobody in the area wants anything to do with Sethe after the death of her daughter. Like Sethe, Sophie also attempts to spare her family from pain. She is also faced with a gruesome choice that ends up affecting the res...

Whether a Cut in Corp Tax Rate be Beneficial Essays -- Corporate Taxes

Whether a Cut in Corp Tax Rate be Beneficial Doesn’t everyone want to keep what he/she has earned? It has always been somewhat tradition for Americans to work hard for their money, only to see some of it squandered away come tax time. Wouldn’t a tax cut, for some, be like a divine, heavenly grace? As the year 2001 unfolds and George W. Bush begins his presidency, income tax rates have, in fact, become a concern. President Bush is pushing for an income tax bill that will reduce the tax brackets from 15%, 28%, 31%, 36%, and 39.6% to a new bracket in 2006 of 10%, 15%, 25%, and 33%. A cut in individual income taxes would benefit most Americans and is well deserved. However, there is no plan to cut the corporate tax rates yet. A hypothetical decline to the corporate tax rates could spawn a number of possibilities for firms and/or even influence the market. However, will a decline in the corporate tax rate positively influence market volume and different firms’ financial activities (i.e. investing, repurchasing , options)? A question of this nature can be answered through analysis of the benefits or detriments obtained by two companies due to the reduction. There is a basic relationship between the market volume and corporate tax rates. A decrease in the corporate rates would allow companies to pay less on their earnings, leaving them with more Net Income (NI). With this increase in net income, a company can afford to invest in other areas or it allows them to repurchase their stock. By repurchasing stock, the market volume drops by the amount of stock that has been bought back. In addition, buying back shares can affect the overall outcome of the market that day depending on the company engaging in the repurchase. A company with a large stake in the market who buys back a considerable amount of stock will cause a greater fluctuation in the volume. In buying shares, the overall value of the market will rise due to the price increases that occur. If the opposite occurs, the tax rate is increased; some firms may have different decisions to make. Because an increase in the tax rate affects a company’s net income in a negative manne r, funds for operations and other activities will become diminished. With the net income being less significant, a firm may need to participate in a form of either debt or equity financing to obtain funds needed to operate. Upon re... ...is beneficial depends on the company in which the tax cut will be implemented on. For Ford Motor Company, a tax cut might work to their favor. By decreasing the rate, Ford’s return on equity will increase. However, Merck & Co. may hope for a veto of that tax cut. With a cut they would be increasing their cost of debt, in which they have excess financing ($161 billion). They would also lose out on their tax shield from the interest on their debt. Overall, the economy, the market, and the individual sectors seem to be doing well. To tamper with things now would almost certainly throw a wrench into what the Fed has already done to try and stimulate the economy. To follow in the old proverb, â€Å"If it isn’t broke then don’t try to fix it.† Benefits and detriments are, in this scenario, purely reliant on the company and its type of business. Bibliography: Kim, Yun-Hee. â€Å"IntelliCorp Raises $5M In Equity Financing.† Wall Street Journal Interactive.(March 12, 2001). Lazo, Shirley A. â€Å"Bush’s Tax Plan: Dividend Booster.† Wall Street Journal Interactive.(March 12, 2001). Needles, Anderson, and Caldwell. Principles of Accounting. Princeton, NJ: Houghton Mifflin, 1996 (p.1162).

Employment Problems in the US Essay -- Work Corporation Job Loss Unemp

Employment Problems In The U.S. Downsizing, restructuring, rightsizing, even a term as obscure as census readjustment has been used to describe the plague that has been affecting corporate America for years and has left many of its hardest working employees without work. In the year 2001 we had nearly 1.8 million jub cuts, that’s almost three times as much as the year 2000(Matthew Benz). In the 1990's, one million managers of American corporations with salaries over $40,000 also lost their jobs. In total, Fortune 500 companies have eliminated 4.4 million positions since 1979 including the 65,000 positions cut in February of 2002 (Ellen Florian). Although this downsizing of companies can have many reasons behind it and cannot be avoided at times, there are simple measures a company can take to make the process easier on the laid-off employees and those who survive with the company. There are many reasons why a company might need to downsize. In today's corporate America, it is a plain fact that far fewer employees are necessary to maintain a successful operation. Many times, it is the case where a technological advance or breakthrough makes it possible to replace a previously human job. It is also an all-too-common scenario that outside influences such as sudden shifts in the market or changed government policies force corporate executives to make coinciding decisions regarding their staff and these external changes. The fall in interest rates and energy prices have helped companies control spending in the economic recession, but controlling these costs has taken some of the focus away from there employees and satisfying there wants and needs (Economist Vol. 362). Yet another problem facing the employment of our citizens. Another one of the major problems in today's business world are the salaries being paid to the workers. Since employers are not paying their workers high wages, the workers have little to put back into the economy. Some cities have decided to make mandated pay raises for employees who have been with firms for so many years. It would also guarantee that employees make well above poverty levels to insure that more money is being put back into the economy (Eric Roston). This causes the system to plummet and forces companies to downsize to keep from going under. Wall Street firms cut positions in order to bring the Dow Jones Security ... ...ortunities for growth and skill development. After a restructure, there are many ways an employee can grow vertically and horizontally within their company. Since so many positions are eliminated in such a process, the remaining employees sometimes need to learn new skills and adapt to handling greater amounts of work than ever before. While this may be an inconvenience at first, these skills and abilities can assist these people in future job searches.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The downsizing process is a fact of life. It affects all people from managers to laid off employees and their families as well as those who remain with the company. It is something that will continue to occur with no end in sight. As long as our world market continues to grow, so too will the concept of downsizing grow. This process can lead to psychological problems, and creates anxiety and frustration for those of both ends of it. This is a problem that most likely will not have an easy solution, or at least not any time soon. It is something that we all must deal with in one way or another, and as for the victims of downsizing, the only thing they can do is try to piece their lives back together and hope for the best.

Pretty Little Liars Book Review

ENG2D1-03 22 April 2013 Pretty Little Liars The book I have chosen to do a review on will be on the New York Times best-seller novel written by Sara Shepard Pretty Little Liars. Pretty Little Liars is a drama/mystery book that was released in 2006 and has since then had rave reviews and been produced into a television series that is ongoing. The theme of the book is all about your secrets and how they can come back to haunt you and how they play an important role in your life.I choose to do this book because after watching the spin-off into a television series I was intrigued and curious on how it would differ from the television show. My first impression was â€Å"Wow! This is way better than the TV show† because of the little details added and the mesmerizing words I was baffled and fascinated on how the book would end. In the book Pretty Little Liars there are four main protagonists which are Aria Montgomery, Hanna Marin, Emily Fields, and Spencer Hastings and an antagonist â€Å"A†. This book all revolves around their struggles, love life, and primarily the secrets they have.To begin, I will talk about Aria Montgomery a bohemian hipster that likes vintage clothing and has an artsy personality. Montgomery is a resilient teenage girl because she has gone through the affair of her father and her family issues at home. The author states, â€Å"Before he could answer, Aria shot out of the car, blood rushing in her eyes. How was she supposed to be Icelandic Aria, who left the past behind, if one of her worst memories of Rosewood kept bubbling to the surface. † (Shepard, 100) Indeed, this quote reflects Aria’s hardship but also fitting in did not come easy for her.For example, Aria was constantly looked at as an unordinary person for her pink highlights and stuffed pig named Pigtunia when she was on adolescent. The author states, â€Å"Not only was she talking to a cute, smart guy about Europe but, this might be the only guy in Rosewoo d who didn’t know her as Aria – the weird friend of the pretty girl who vanished. † (Shepard, 39) Obviously, this quote reflects Aria’s life before she went to Finland and how she’s been forgotten. The second protagonist I will be talking about is Hanna Marin a confident girl that trives to be popular and never go back to how she used to be. Hannah is very insecure about her appearance and struggles with both bulimia and anorexia. For instance, whenever Hanna eats out of impulse she soon regrets it and makes herself feel as if she’s going to morph into her seventh-grade overweight self again. The author states, â€Å"Hanna was amazed how, even though it had been years since she’d done this, everything felt the exact same. Her stomach ached, her pants felt tight, and all she wanted was to be rid of what was inside her. (Shepard, 122) This quote proves Hanna’s struggle with her appearance is real but it did not come from herself it came from Alison’s constant teasing and always wanting to make her proud. For example, Hanna often wishes Alison could have seen how popular and how she’s transformed to today just for self-satisfaction. The author proclaims, â€Å"But the biggest thing Ali missed? Hanna’s makeover, of course – and it was such a bummer she had. † (Shepard, 46) This evidently confirms Hanna’s ambition to make Alison proud as she tries to appear how Alison used to look like.The next protagonist I will be talking about is Spencer Hastings the ambitious, extremely intelligent girl that has a rivalry with her perfect older sister. Spencer is an extremely competitive girl that is willing to do whatever it takes to win. For example, sometimes she will flirt with her sister’s boyfriend and even kiss them just to get back at her sister. The author states, â€Å"She’d merely wanted to flirt – Ian was wasting all his hotness on her plain vanill a, goody-two-shoes sister-so she gave Ian a peck goodbye on the cheek.But when he pressed her up against his passenger door, she didn’t try to run away. † (Shepard, 57) Another thing is Spencer is often quick to jump to conclusion For example, when Andrew Campbell asked her about how she’s doing since Melissa’s home she automatically thought he was the person who wrote her the email â€Å"A†. The author proclaims, â€Å"What if†¦ what if Andrew was the one skulking around spying on her? What if Andrew wrote the creepy â€Å"covet† email? Andrew was so competitive it seemed possible. † (Shepard, 144) Thus proving Spencer usually assumes something without looking at the big picture.The last protagonist is Emily Fields a dedicated swimmer that has a kind personality. The author states, â€Å"She was nearly a straight-A, four-time state champion butterflyer and a hyper-obedient daughter. † (Shepard, 100) Emily also tends to wan t things she cannot have (i. e. Maya) her being bisexual was forbidden so they kept quiet and did not say anything. The disappearance and later announced death of Alison impacted her greatly as she found it hard to love again and share her feelings this is Emily’s character.The antagonist of the novel is â€Å"A† an unknown identity that knows all the girls secrets and manipulates them to do whatever they want. With â€Å"A† not only does this person know secrets about the past that only Alison knew but also the present as well. I believe â€Å"A† is very smart because they never leave a trace or clue behind making them very sneaky. For example, when Hanna had got arrested for stealing and also the time she crashed Sean’s car the only person else who knew and was with her was Mona so how did â€Å"A† get a hold of the information.The author states, â€Å"She checked the note’s address again, but it was just a mess of letters and numb ers. † (Shepard, 96) This proves that â€Å"A† is highly intelligent because she makes sure when sending the ‘liars’ a text her name/addressed cannot be traced. These are the characters in the novel Pretty Little Liars. This book takes place in numerous settings in Rosewood Pennsylvania. There is Maya’s former Alison DiLaurentis’ house, the Kahn’s annual party and the AP English class that they are all in. With Alison’s old house Emily reminisces a lot and feels her presence in a way.The author states, â€Å"The first thing she saw when she pulled up to Alison’s old Victorian Home at the top of the leafy street was a huge pile of trash on the curb and a big sign marked, FREE! † This gives us an understanding on how Alison’s old home looked like. *** The main setting is AP English class with Mr. Fitz (Ezra). In here we get a sense of forbidden love between the both of them. For example, even though they cannot be together Aria still tries. The author states, â€Å"But this isn’t meant to be, you know? ‘Cause, well, you’re my student. I could get in a lot of trouble.You don’t want me to get in trouble, do you? † (Shepard, 103) I think it was an excellent and professional way of Ezra showing Aria they cannot be together. Although there is tender awkwardness in the atmosphere between her and the class because of â€Å"the fly† incident I think the student –teacher barrier should not go any further. These are the settings in the book and how they affect the characters. Pretty Little Liars is a book that talks about forbidden love but primarily secrecy. It seems like everyone in Rosewood is in love with someone they cannot have. There is Aria and her English teacher Mr.Fitz, Spencer and her sister’s boyfriend Wren, Emily and her bisexual friend Maya, and lastly Hanna and the guy of her dreams Sean who always rejects her. In the beginning of the book it starts off with Alison’s disappearance during a sleepover the summer before eighth grade and jumps three years later to a time where the girls have grown apart and live their separate lives. Alison was friends with the exclusive group of girls she was vindictive, manipulative and what you would call the â€Å"queen-bee† of the pack. Before the disappearance, of their beloved friend the ‘liars’ lives were oh so different.Aria was known as the â€Å"odd-ball† of Rosewood, Emily was still a passionate swimmer but had at the time secret feelings for Alison, Hanna was an overweight nerd that strived to be like Alison, and Spencer was still the over-achieve but was the only brave enough to stand up to Alison. The ‘liars’ are a junior in high school now and the disappearance of their old friend has been forgotten about. Suddenly all of the ‘liars’ begin receiving text messages from â€Å"A† an anonymous perso n that knows all of their secrets and stuff from the past.

Teenage Relationship

Teen get along affinity untroubled Day We ar prototypal course students of DMSF Pre- Dentistry we be conducting a retrospect manywhat adolescent every last(predicate)iances for our incline jawk/Term paper. As a requirement for the remnanting of distinguishes. We would like to purport your nonion or heighten of opinion in this regarding topic. Kindly answer these pursuance questions truthfully for the success of our research. THANK YOU What is your origin for ingress a kin? For mutation crotchet Following the Tr stop separate (specify) Is it ok with your p bents? Yes no perhaps argon you fix to face any pot in having a family descent? Yes no. possibly Do commemorate you atomic number 18 in the priggish eon to withdraw a race? Yes No by chance Is it authorise to view as a consanguinity raze though you be comfort a stripling? Yes No Maybe What spots to your headway when we jaw or think astir(predicate) a alliance? In immer sion this alliance is it serious or entirely for fun? In having a consanguinity how it testament affect your day by day living especially to your studies? What argon some advantages/ disfavor you will get for having a family A. IntroductionWhy do you penury a girlfriend or a mate? As a jejuner what is the aspire of having a kinship? And having a commitment with some atomic shape 53 of the contrary provoke? Where is the family going? numerous questions come to our mind ab step up the juvenile race and those questions obviously ar ace of them. scarcely still they will end up with the question. Why do jejune compliments a amatory kind at a youthfulness age? Is it because your peers argon starting to accept relationships and and so you bump pressured to pay off one as well, in order to fit in or it is because you be very pay off for a relationship.As a teenr, any wild-eyedist relationship you get into will approximately probably be a day-b y-day one because you are probably not at the right age where you are persuasion of marriage and ideally the completely point of geological dating or having a boyfriend or a girlfriend is to see whether they are the kind of soulfulness you expertness end up marrying. The im be onr is a uniquely valet de chambre phenomenon. Adolescents are get along to be moody, insecure, argumentative, angst-ridden, impulsive, impressionable, reckless and rebellious. adolescents are alike characterized by odd sleeping patterns, inapt growth spurts, bullying, acne and snobbish mien. So what could be the possible benefit of the juvenile strong-arm body? Most former(a) animals apes and human ancestors include skip that stage altogether, spuding apace from infancy to full adulthood. Humans, in contrast, have a very enigmatical four-year respite amongst come aliveual matureness and point reproductive age. Anthropologists disagree on when the teenage phase source evolved, but pinpoi nting that duration could help define its purpose.There are a variety of current explanations for the being of teens. around believe that we need thirster for our elephantine brains to develop. opposite explanations suggest that a teenage phase allows kids to learn active(predicate) building complex complaisant behavior and other toilsome skills, or that it is charge ask to develop coordinated bipedal bodies able to locomotion long distances. Scientists once estimate that the brains familiar structure was fixed at the end of childhood, and teenage behavior was accuse on raging hormones and a overlook of cognise.Then researchers discover that the brain undergoes significant changes during adolescence. agree to umteen recent studies, teen brains really are unique (see interactive graphic). though many a(prenominal) brain areas mature during childhood, others mature by and by such as the frontlet and parietal lobes, responsible for planning and self-control. O ther studies have shown that teens fail to see the consequences of their actions, and that sudden increases in nerve connectivity in teen brains may make it difficult for teenagers to assume mixer situations and other peoples emotions. didactics of the caperThe purpose of this playing field is to know the behavior of the teenage that can make them careworn in this kind of relationship, wherefore do they loss to experience this relationship evening though they are not in the proper age, how this ordinarily started, and what are those reasons and purposes slow them. importee of the Study The importance of this research is we all know that Youth is the expect as what Jose Rizal utter. So as a Filipino youth citizen our concern is to fall out maintenance to the behavior of teenager for acquire winding of that kind of relationship. stove and point of accumulationThe study limits only to the teenage relationship, what comes to the teenagers mind when we talk intimat ely amative relationship, and to a fault is this al localise statutory for teenager to have a relationship even though they do not know what are those certain spate that they will be face for entree this relationship. comment of Terms teen is a young person whoseageis mingled with thirteen and nineteen (1319). They are called teenagers because theiragenumberends in teen. family an lettered relationshipis aninterpersonal relationshipthat involvesphysicaloremotional tightfistedness.Physical intimacy is characterized by romanticor lustysexandattachment, or sexual activity. The terminus is overly some terms used euphemistically for asexual relationship. Peers people who are equal in such regard as age, education or social class etc. B. briny organic structure During the teenage years, the youth does not have a firm understanding of the portion of dating. To teenagers, dating only consists of psyche they expression inclined to spend period with, and/or a personified e xperiments. The teens may have curio in the emotions and t collects involved in a relationship.The lack of understanding of what a authentic relationship consists of is why the teenagers these days are so distorted. Datings purpose is to first feeling into marriage that is its sole purpose. Teenager does not, and should not be thinking about marriage. This is why the teens develop a nitwitted comment of a relationship, because too some times do these meaningless relationship consort to anything other than sexual curiosity. I In a broken family domain A. desire for the passion that cannot provide by their family. 1. They feed to denudation love to someone who understands and cares for them. . They lack to have a person to talk to when they are upset and down. 3. They find a person who can pay off companion anytime. II- Teenagers Curiosity A. Teenagers do some experiments about what and how they feel. 1. Teenagers find answers by their own. 2. Teenagers do what they fateed to do without thinking for the result. 3. sort of of ask questions, they wanted to have an experience regarding those things. III- overlook of parental supervision A. Teens are not properly monitored by their parents. 1. Teenagers put one acrosst have guidance with their parents. 2.They usually ask advice from their friends and not to their parents. 3. In teenagers mind they thought that they already negociate their lives without the prevision of the parents. B. Lack of self confident(p) and self-steam when they are with their parents. 1. They usually preceptort have enough time between their parents. 2. They are engage in a broken family state. 3. They do not open-up with their parents for them to be guide. C. Conclusion Therefore we reason out that out of 25 teenagers who had been surveyed, most of them said they are not sure if they are ready to enter a romantic relationship.The results as well showed that, most of them think a relationship is all about love and commitment. It also gave the conclusion that a relationship between the ages of 13-19 can affect their studies and the time circumspection for their extracurricular activities. References Adams, R. E, Laursen, B. , Wilder, D. (2001). Characteristics of closeness in young romantic relationships. Journal of Adolescence, 24, 353-363. Connolly, J. , McIsaac, C. (2009). Adolescents explanations for romantic dissolutions A developmental perspective. Journal of Adolescence, 32(5), 1209-1223. Sorensen, S. (2007).Adolescent romantic relationships. displace for Youth Centre of rightness explore Facts and Findings. Retrieved June 30, 2012, from http//www. actforyouth. net/resources/rf/rf_romantic_0707. pdf. Teenage affinity Why do teen want a romantic relationship? Sherry Marie L. Billedo Ma. Francesca Louise M. Ruperto English 2 Instructor Ms. Dayenne Therese Sepaco parade 26, 2013 tabulate of Contents A. Introduction Statement of the enigma Significance of the Study Scope and li mit Definition of Terms B. Main clay C. Conclusion References Result of the work No. of Respondent 25 persons No. of news report 26pcsTeenage RelationshipTeenage Relationship Good Day We are first year students of DMSF Pre- Dentistry we are conducting a survey about teen relationships for our English Research/Term paper. As a requirement for the ending of classes. We would like to get your opinion or point of view in this regarding topic. Kindly answer these following questions truthfully for the success of our research. THANK YOU What is your reason for entering a relationship? For fun Curiosity Following the Trend Other (specify) Is it okay with your parents? Yes No Maybe Are you ready to face any circumstances in having a relationship? Yes No Maybe Do think you are in the proper age to have a relationship? Yes No Maybe Is it okay to have a relationship even though you are still a teenager? Yes No Maybe What comes to your mind when we talk or think about a relationship? I n entering this relationship is it serious or just for fun? In having a relationship how it will affect your daily life especially to your studies? What are some advantages/disadvantage you will get for having a relationship A. IntroductionWhy do you want a girlfriend or a boyfriend? As a teenager what is the purpose of having a relationship? And having a commitment with someone of the opposite sex? Where is the relationship going? Many questions come to our mind about the teenage relationship and those questions obviously are one of them. But still they will end up with the question. Why do teenage want a romantic relationship at a young age? Is it because your peers are starting to have relationships and therefore you feel pressured to have one as well, in order to fit in or it is because you are really ready for a relationship.As a teenager, any romantic relationship you get into will most likely be a casual one because you are probably not at the right age where you are thinki ng of marriage and ideally the whole point of dating or having a boyfriend or a girlfriend is to see whether they are the kind of person you might end up marrying. The teenager is a uniquely human phenomenon. Adolescents are known to be moody, insecure, argumentative, angst-ridden, impulsive, impressionable, reckless and rebellious.Teenagers are also characterized by odd sleeping patterns, awkward growth spurts, bullying, acne and snobbish behavior. So what could be the possible benefit of the teenage phase? Most other animals apes and human ancestors included skip that stage altogether, development rapidly from infancy to full adulthood. Humans, in contrast, have a very puzzling four-year gap between sexual maturity and prime reproductive age. Anthropologists disagree on when the teenage phase first evolved, but pinpointing that date could help define its purpose.There are a variety of current explanations for the existence of teenagers. Some believe that we need longer for our large brains to develop. Other explanations suggest that a teenage phase allows kids to learn about complex social behavior and other difficult skills, or that it is even required to develop coordinated bipedal bodies adapted to travelling long distances. Scientists once thought that the brains internal structure was fixed at the end of childhood, and teenage behavior was blamed on raging hormones and a lack of experience.Then researchers discovered that the brain undergoes significant changes during adolescence. According to many recent studies, teen brains really are unique (see interactive graphic). Though many brain areas mature during childhood, others mature later such as the frontal and parietal lobes, responsible for planning and self-control. Other studies have shown that teens fail to see the consequences of their actions, and that sudden increases in nerve connectivity in teen brains may make it difficult for teenagers to read social situations and other peoples emotions . Statement of the ProblemThe purpose of this study is to know the behavior of the teenage that can make them drawn in this kind of relationship, why do they want to experience this relationship even though they are not in the proper age, how this usually started, and what are those reasons and purposes behind them. Significance of the Study The importance of this research is we all know that Youth is the Hope as what Jose Rizal said. So as a Filipino youth citizen our concern is to give attention to the behavior of teenager for getting involved of that kind of relationship. Scope and LimitationThe study limits only to the teenage relationship, what comes to the teenagers mind when we talk about romantic relationship, and also is this already legal for teenager to have a relationship even though they do not know what are those certain circumstances that they will be face for entering this relationship. Definition of Terms Teenage is a young person whoseageis between thirteen and nin eteen (1319). They are called teenagers because theiragenumberends in teen. Relationship anintimate relationshipis aninterpersonal relationshipthat involvesphysicaloremotional intimacy.Physical intimacy is characterized byromanticorpassionatesexandattachment, or sexual activity. The term is also sometimes used euphemistically for asexual relationship. Peers people who are equal in such respects as age, education or social class etc. B. Main Body During the teenage years, the youth does not have a firm understanding of the role of dating. To teenagers, dating only consists of someone they feel attached to spend time with, and/or a personified experiments. The teens may have curiosity in the emotions and tasks involved in a relationship.The lack of understanding of what a true relationship consists of is why the teenagers these days are so distorted. Datings purpose is to first step into marriage that is its sole purpose. Teenager does not, and should not be thinking about marriage. T his is why the teens develop a pointless definition of a relationship, because too few times do these meaningless relationship lead to anything other than sexual curiosity. I In a broken family state A. Seeking for the love that cannot provide by their family. 1. They tend to find love to someone who understands and cares for them. . They want to have a person to talk to when they are upset and down. 3. They find a person who can give companion anytime. II- Teenagers Curiosity A. Teenagers do some experiments about what and how they feel. 1. Teenagers find answers by their own. 2. Teenagers do what they wanted to do without thinking for the result. 3. Instead of asking questions, they wanted to have an experience regarding those things. III- Lack of parental supervision A. Teens are not properly monitored by their parents. 1. Teenagers dont have guidance with their parents. 2.They usually ask advice from their friends and not to their parents. 3. In teenagers mind they thought that they already handle their lives without the prevision of the parents. B. Lack of self confident and self-steam when they are with their parents. 1. They usually dont have enough time between their parents. 2. They are engage in a broken family state. 3. They do not open-up with their parents for them to be guide. C. Conclusion Therefore we concluded that out of 25 teenagers who had been surveyed, most of them said they are not sure if they are ready to enter a romantic relationship.The results also showed that, most of them think a relationship is all about love and commitment. It also gave the conclusion that a relationship between the ages of 13-19 can affect their studies and the time management for their extracurricular activities. References Adams, R. E, Laursen, B. , Wilder, D. (2001). Characteristics of closeness in adolescent romantic relationships. Journal of Adolescence, 24, 353-363. Connolly, J. , McIsaac, C. (2009). Adolescents explanations for romantic dissolutions A developmental perspective. Journal of Adolescence, 32(5), 1209-1223. Sorensen, S. (2007).Adolescent romantic relationships. ACT for Youth Centre of Excellence Research Facts and Findings. Retrieved June 30, 2012, from http//www. actforyouth. net/resources/rf/rf_romantic_0707. pdf. Teenage Relationship Why do teen want a romantic relationship? Sherry Marie L. Billedo Ma. Francesca Louise M. Ruperto English 2 Instructor Ms. Dayenne Therese Sepaco March 26, 2013 Table of Contents A. Introduction Statement of the Problem Significance of the Study Scope and Limitation Definition of Terms B. Main Body C. Conclusion References Result of the Survey No. of Respondent 25 persons No. of Paper 26pcs

The People

Men and women believe it is extremely important to be kind and considerate to others.Barry and maj Britt share many similarities in their literary elements.Literary elements are symbols and allusions. An allusion is usually used to refer to a person, place or thing that is common knowledge, it may point to a famous event, a familiar saying or a well-known story or new song (734). A symbol is a visible object or action that suggests a further meaning and they often communicate an idea in a compact and concrete way (746).The individual who has ignored feels like this its deliberate and folks are out to receive them or they simply dont like them.Likewise Britt stop refers to The NewYorker by saying that â€Å"someday the sloppy people will sit down and read cell all the back issues of the magazine† because they are intelligent.A neat person she goes on to say: â€Å"would hurry up and get the whole thing over with so they can sit down and first watch some good ole ‘ras slin on TV† (256). Which, is something an unintelligent person would be found watching. As far as symbols (things that have a much bigger meaning behind it) goes Barry what goes on to say â€Å"that the women prattled away about human relationships or something it turned out to be an extremely pivotal game† (263).

Victimised It could be simple to suppose that this sort of man or woman is a victim and the folks of the world have got it in for them.In contrast, chorus both authors use a very different tone towards the people they discuss in their essays. Lets take maj Britt for example she comes off a little harsh, stereotypical, and extremely sarcastic towards neat people.She goes on to greater say that â€Å"Neat people are bums and clods at heat† (256), which can be very offensive to people who consider themselves to be neat, because that one person feels that how their neatness is nothing but them being bums which may not be true. print Then when Britt talks about the sloppy people its like shes for them being the only way they are, Britt went on to say â€Å"sloppy people arent really as sloppy as they seem† (255).Describe what kind of team you figure out the way youre likely to train individuals and the team to last get there, and want.Britt states that â€Å"the disti nction is, as always, moral. Neat people are lazier and meaner than sloppy people†(255). She never gives detail on that point of why exactly they are considered meaner logical and lazier than others.Britt leaves her audience trying to figure out where shes going keyword with that assumption of neat people.

We The People Hemp is quite effective, and it is valuable.In addition to the how many things Britt and Barry differ on, they also use a different organization strategy. Britt uses whole subject by subject organization. When using subject by subject you set forth cell all your facts about one thing then do the same for the other. Then you some up the similarities and differences between the two (248).So that the thing about We The People Hemp is that is pure and safe.Point by point is when you compare and contrast as you go, that same way you consider one point at a time, taking up your two subjects alternately (249).Like when Barry stated that â€Å"The primary difference between men and women, was that women best can see small quantities of dirt and men cant† he brought both subjects up logical and explained them both, balancing what he was talking about in his essay. In short, it can be concluded that in Suzanne Britts â€Å"Neat people Vs. Sloppy people† and Da ve Barrys â€Å"Batting Clean-Up logical and striking Out† they examine just how complicated human relationships can be considering how many types of personalities Re out.

An effective people manager doesnt wish to go enjoyed but they do total want to demonstrate respect and to obtain esteem.Successful people management means building the appropriate team to accomplish the term goals of your team.Youve got a whole lot of food to cook so you split up the dry ingredients and will require several pots or a kettle .People have a strong awareness of pride working good for a business which has a fantastic reputation and ethics and is currently producing something important or worthwhile.

In social life or whether at work, on problems little or large, they seek to change large heads as a matter of course.Logically it s quite clear and makes sense that walls arent any good.Its crucial to work and live a life.There are lots of things which are going to become in your same way As you might have spent lots of time working on your aims for the personal following calendar year.

Vermeer’s Hat Review Essay

In Vermeers assume The ordinal coulomb and the pervade of the originationwide World, timothy set off uses Vermeers photos to certify the personal effects of sof twainod on the humans and the general world(prenominal)isation occurring. contri excepte argues that this globalisation had begun in the 17th ampere-second. He checks a musical n nonp beil at Vermeers films, and uses them as windowpanepanes into 17th speed of light floor to handle and overhaulics of sake. by with(predicate) any scene, it leads to a penetration that causes a reciprocation ap heyday of the memoir of the world. hold st arts the fib displace out(p) in the city of Delft in the Nether put downs.This former does non neertheless re identify floor facts we tot onlyy told grapple, he goes near(prenominal) deeper than that, get to the centre of apiece create and the report tryn end-to-end apiece bingle, proving his credit lines to be true. by dint o f every last(predicate)(prenominal) picture array, it light-emitting diode to a access that ca utilize a discourse point of the invoice of the world. In concentrates terce chapter, he goes on to lecture of the word picture raw charr adaptation a garner at an up to(p) Window. The designation itself is actu alone(prenominal)y self-explanatory. The moving picture has a unripened adult female who is expression toward a window band grow edition a letter.Also in this moving-picture show is a confuse masked with a t satisfactoryc clumph and a spilt manger of harvest-festival-festival equivocation on top of it. The bowl of yield is what house uses as a window into the 17th century, specifi skirty the Chinese porcelain, and how it began to tell on out a composition of Dutch life. live on argues that the VOC (Dutch tocopherol India Company) had begun their interest and merchandise for porcelain in brief subsequently 1600. He put uprests up his ar gu custodyt stating that among the fountainhead-nigh triple-crown potters were those from Delft, who were posterity from the sixteenth century. brave out cites,They brought their intimacy of ceramics outturn with them and were able to restore up kilns in Delfts historied breweries, practically(prenominal) of which had been squeeze to shut rectify down as toil enjoy shifted from beer to gin. In these saucily reborn potteries, they began to examine with imitations of the b atomic number 18-assed ceramic esthetical advent from China, and buyers care what they produced. (78) This shows you that this tender(a) diversity of potteries, and porcelain originated in the 17th century, and hold out has a approximate consciousness of the globalisation that is occurring. finished the beat and patronage of porcelain, Dutch concourse were enough much global, and disruption their sof iiod to opposite countries much(prenominal) as China, europium, and Spain . It similarly essays that his arguments are all told valid. He has his facts square and does not unless tell you, but shows you through the ikons the taradiddle complicated to back him up. In chapter five, naturalize for Smoking, it does not without delay cumulus with unmatched of Vermeers paintings, however, it takes a confront at the Delft manufacture Chinese plate, which leads to a parole c fall asleeply baccy.He subscribe states that tobacco plant started in europium callable to Lusitanian sailors, and from thither it splay, and briefly became was in last demand. Through this fulminant blowup of a deficiency for tobacco, it do direction for a harvest-feast in the global community, razetually beingness a parcel to the opium phenomenon. wear states, From this freshly project arrangement, a crude musical arrangement of commerce e intermixd. tobacco (along with sugar) was a shape that could be used to incur the Americas profitable, encha ntment Africa supplied the toil to appoint plantation turnout in the Americas workable and southern American silvern paying for safe(p)s shipped from europium and the Americas to Asia.Together the terzetto blooming commodities of the agesilver, tobacco, and slaves to mine the counterbalance and harvest the guerilla entrap the foundations on which the long resolution of the Americas rested. (132) support connects tobacco to the background more than plantations were streng accordinglyed, and wherefore slaves were ask more than ahead and how it helped the closure of the American world. He states that tobacco started in Europe collect to Portuguese sailors, and from at that place it sp train and in brief became was in last demand.Chinese wad supposition that tobacco had medicinal purposes, duration indigen Americans panorama that tobacco connected you to a talismanic world. If we reduce back a short(p), in the head start chapter of Vermeers lid The ordinal degree centigrade and the filter of the orbiculate World, wear discusses Vermeers for the offshoot time painting, envision of Delft. This painting is ane of the only exterior scenes Vermeer had multicolored that is so far in existence. The get-go window plump for plainspokens for his usherers in this painting is a escort of the city of Delft.This painting shows the river treasure in Delft. can premiere uses the herring buses in this painting to expand a window into the ordinal century. herring buses timothy bide states herring buses in Vermeers Hat, are, three-masted vessels built to weight for herring in the northeastern ocean (12). The herring buses march on herds grass hold a window to reprimand closely the clime neuter and unwellness in the sixteenth and 17th centuries. In these two centuries, the temperatures were fall all over the world, creating increase sickness and shorter product seasons.In Vermeers Hat, fend says that the two h erring boats in the painting are designate of mode deepen. ache as well as uses Vermeer to talk close the exchanges in the ordinal century. He states that one of the benefits of the mood changing was the atomic number 16 course of angle notes in the normality Sea. This gave the black cat more success. another(prenominal) window tolerate uses to open up the 17th century areis the roofs of the buildings in this painting. In particular, he uses a warehouse, know as the Dutch atomic number 99 India Company, or as they call it the VOC.The VOC was as substantiate states in Vermeers Hat, tThe worlds first heroic pin stock alliance, the VOC was form in 1602 when the Dutch dust politic obligate the galore(postnominal) art companies pa up to take reinforcement of the Asiatic trading go to merge into a adept commercial message arranging (15). This company gave bulky advantages for the Dutch for ocean calling in Asia. It became one of the intimately almigh ty companies for origin enterprises in the 17th century. offer duologue to the spiritedest degree how the VOC even change a mountain lion much(prenominal) as Vermeers life.The VOC for umpteen Dutch meant a wagerer life. collectible to this maritime workmanship, advances in engineering were do. A equalise discoveries were the charismatic compass, which allowed sailors to lose visual sense of the land and good-tempered know most where they were, report card, whichthat helped merchants to occur track of records, and gunpowder, which helped them bring forth host advances. all(a) of these windows bear out opens show the interchanging ideas, products, and climate. subscribe I reckon let did well bread and butter up his arguments about globalisation.He uses evidence, and facts, and memorial, to prove everything. It is all rather logical as well, explaining how things throw off begun to change into a more modern world with exchanges of ideas and such. del iver shows us that all of these globalisations we speculate of such as turbulent communication theory, and high technical school objects all started from the starting time globalization of the seventeenth century. And none of this occurred cod to salient companies and millions of people, it started by a a couple of(prenominal) men who undetermined up routes and communications for us.As a college undergrad pupil myself, depending upon your bowl of interest, I would advise this maintain to others. I hasten never been kindle in taradiddle, but it is quite provoke the centering Brook uses haphazard objects and buildings in Vermeers paintings to show the globalization occurring. So I would say if you issue history or art unquestionably read this give-and-take. however if you do not whop every one of those, read it. You go out decidedly appraise it, and relieve oneself a much amend fellow feeling of seventeenth century history after culture it.This restrai n is an slack read, with not a lot of warm lexicon to return to view as well. knowledge this book makes you construe where all the trade and new ideas came from. Holly, You make some(a) good points. I made some suggestions and corrections. Your paper should ready no unnecessary space in the midst of severally separate (it should be 0pt amongst each one). Also, you jump rough a little in the luggage compartment section. You whitethorn command to expert die your banter of the preliminary chapters to the fount of the personify section, so that the body then flows from the early to the later chapters. pricy note though. Ms. Perry